Правила чтения в английском языке
Английский алфавит
| № | БУКВА | ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ | № | БУКВА | ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | A a | [ei] | 14. | N n | [en] |
| 2. | B b | [biː] | 15. | O o | [əʊ] |
| 3. | C c | [siː] | 16. | P p | [piː] |
| 4. | D d | [diː] | 17. | Q q | [kjuː] |
| 5. | E e | [iː] | 18. | R r | [ɑː(r)] |
| 6. | F f | [ef] | 19. | S s | [es] |
| 7. | G g | [dʒiː] | 20. | T t | [tiː] |
| 8. | H h | [eɪtʃ] | 21. | U u | [juː] |
| 9. | I i | [aɪ] | 22. | V v | [viː] |
| 10. | J j | [dʒeɪ] | 23. | W w | [ˈdʌbljuː] |
| 11. | K k | [keɪ] | 24. | X x | [eks] |
| 12. | L l | [el] | 25. | Y y | [waɪ] |
| 13. | M m | [em] | 26. | Z z | [zed] |
Чтение гласных букв
| Алфавитное название буквы |
В конце слова | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| гласная | согласная | гласная + r | гласная + re (+ согласная) |
|
| I | II | III | IV | |
| A a [ei] | [ei] take | [æ] cat | [ɑː] car | [eə] care |
| O o [əʊ] | [əʊ] rose | [ɒ] dog | [ɔː] for | [ɔː] more |
| U u [juː] | [juː] use | [ʌ] cup | [ɜː] fur | [ʊə] sure |
| E e [iː] | [iː] Pete | [e] pet | [ɜː] her | [ɪə] here |
| I i / Y y [aɪ / waɪ] | [aɪ] Mike [aɪ] fly |
[ɪ] pig [ɪ] system |
[ɜː] stir | [aɪə] tyre |
Подробные таблицы чтения гласных
| A | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| [ei] | [æ] | [ɑː] | [eə] |
| plane [pleɪn] | bag [bæɡ] | car [kɑː] | care [keə] |
| O | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| [əʊ] | [ɒ] | [ɔː] | [ɔː] |
| nose [nəʊz] | box [bɒks] | sort [sɔːt] | store [stɔː] |
| U | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| [juː] | [ʌ] | [ɜː] | [ʊə] |
| tube [tjuːb] | bus [bʌs] | turn [tɜːn] | pure [pʊə] |
| E | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| [iː] | [e] | [ɜː] | [ɪə] |
| Pete [piːt] | pet [pet] | her [hɜː] | here [hɪə] |
| I | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| [aɪ] | [ɪ] | [ɜː] | [aɪə] |
| pine [paɪn] | big [bɪɡ] | girl [ɡɜːl] | fire [faɪə] |
| Y | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| [aɪ] | [ɪ] | [ɜː] | [aɪə] |
| bye [baɪ] | Syd [sɪd] | myrtle [mɜːtl] | tyre [taɪə] |
Чтение гласных буквосочетаний
| Буквосочетание | Звук | Примеры | Транскрипция |
|---|---|---|---|
| oo | [ʊ] | look, book, cook, good, foot | [lʊk] [bʊk] [kʊk] [ɡʊd] [fʊt] |
| [uː] | pool, school, Zoo, too | [puːl] [skuːl] [zuː] [tuː] | |
| ee | [iː] | see, bee, tree, three, meet | [siː] [biː] [triː] [θriː] [miːt] |
| ea Исключения: |
[iː] | tea, meat, eat, read, speak | [tiː] [miːt] [iːt] [riːd] [spiːk] |
| [e] | bread, head, breakfast, healthy | [bred] [hed] [ˈbrekfəst] [ˈhelθi] | |
| ay | [eɪ] | away, play, say, may | [əˈweɪ] [pleɪ] [ˈseɪ] [meɪ] |
| ey | grey, they | [ɡreɪ] [ðeɪ] |
Чтение согласных буквосочетаний
| Буквосочетание | Звук | Примеры | Транскрипция |
|---|---|---|---|
| ck | [k] | black, stick | [blæk] [stɪk] |
| ng | [ŋ] | sing, bring, ring, reading | [sɪŋ] [brɪŋ] [rɪŋ] [ˈriːdɪŋ] |
| sh | [ʃ] | she, shop, fish | [ʃi] [ʃɒp] [fɪʃ] |
| ph | [f] | phone, photograph | [fəʊn] [ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf] |
| [v] | nephew | [ˈnevjuː] | |
| th | [ð] | this, that, the | [ðɪs] [ðæt] [ðiː] |
| [θ] | thank, thick | [θæŋk] [θɪk] | |
| [t] | Thames | [ˈtemz] | |
| wh Исключение: |
[w] | when, white, why | [wen] [waɪt] [waɪ] |
| [h] | who | [huː] | |
| kn | [n] | know, knife | [nəʊ] [naɪf] |
| wr | [r] | write, wrong | [ˈraɪt] [rɒŋ] |
| gh | [f] | enough | [ɪˈnʌf] |
| [—] | high | [haɪ] | |
| gn | [n] | sign | [saɪn] |
| ss | [s] | possible | [ˈpɒsəbəl] |
| [ʃ] | pressure | [ˈpreʃə] | |
| sc | [sk] | screen | [skriːn] |
| [s] | scene | [siːn] | |
| nk | [ŋk] | think | [ˈθɪŋk] |
| ch | [tʃ] | chess | [tʃes] |
| [k] | chemistry | [ˈkemɪstri] | |
| [ʃ] | machine | [məˈʃiːn] | |
| tch | [tʃ] | match | [mætʃ] |
| qu | [kw] | question | [ˈkwestʃən] |